Ask Liz Weston

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Liz Weston

Tuesday’s need-to-know money news

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Today’s top story: Options for undergrad, grad, veteran and international students when colleges say stay home. Also in the news: Which airlines have handled COVID-19 the best, is it OK to never have a credit card, and where to put your money when interest rates are falling.

When Colleges Say Stay Home: Options for Undergrad, Grad, Veteran and International Students
You can expect a decrease in costs.

Which Airlines Have Handled COVID-19 the Best?
Grades on flexible policies and health and safety measures.

Is it OK to never have a credit card?
Other ways to establish credit.

Where to Put Your Money When Interest Rates Are Falling
Consider an online savings account.

Probate workarounds can save heirs time, money

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A reader recently reached out after his elderly mother died, asking how soon he could distribute the $10,000 she had earmarked in her will for each of her two grandchildren.

Because she lived in California, I had to break the bad news: He won’t be able to hand over the money any time soon.

Probate is the court process to distribute someone’s estate after their death, even if there is a will, and is notoriously slow in California. A typical probate takes nine to 12 months, and court shutdowns related to COVID-19 mean the wait could be longer. Probate is also expensive in California: By law, an attorney could charge $11,000 in fees to handle the woman’s $400,000 estate.

In my latest for the Associated Press, what to keep in mind if you’re trying to decide whether to make the investment to spare your heirs the expense and hassle of probate.

Monday’s need-to-know money news

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Today’s top story: 5 reasons why people get personal loans and what financial advisers say about them. Also in the news: A new episode of the SmartMoney podcast on creating wealth, 5 secrets of car buying from a former undercover car salesman, and how to lower your tax bill with these last-minute moves.

5 reasons people get personal loans—and what financial advisers say about them
The pros and cons.

Smart Money Podcast: Taxes Are Due, and How to Get Started Creating Wealth
You can still create wealth in a pandemic.

5 Secrets of Car Buying, From a Former Undercover Car Salesman
Even the playing field.

Lower Your Tax Bill With These Last-Minute Moves
You still have time.

Q&A: But not for this octogenarian

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Dear Liz: I am 81 and opened a Roth IRA before retiring 15 years ago, but have not added to that account since. Recently I realized a cash windfall and would like, if possible, to deposit that money in my existing Roth IRA, but I am confused about the limitations and rules on doing so. My current income is from interest, Social Security, a small pension and 401(k) withdrawals. Can you help me with the applicable rules that would govern additions to a Roth IRA in my situation, and can I do so?

Answer: Retirement account rules can be complicated in some respects, but not in this particular case. If you don’t have earned income — such as wages, salaries, bonuses, commissions, tips or net earnings from self-employment — you can’t contribute to an IRA or a Roth IRA.

Q&A: Retirement accounts for teenagers

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Dear Liz: My 16-year-old grandson has a job stocking shelves at a large grocery chain. His parents opened a low-cost minors investment account, which he has now funded to the max of $6,000. Is there anywhere else he can invest his earnings?

Answer: It sounds like what your grandson funded was an IRA or a Roth IRA. These retirement accounts have an annual $6,000 contribution limit for people under 50. (People 50 and older can make an additional $1,000 “catch up” contribution.) The Roth IRA has income limits, but your grandson won’t have to worry about those until he earns more than six figures.

Starting to save so young for retirement is a marvelous idea, since all those decades of compounded returns will really add up. Let’s assume two people save $6,000 a year and earn a 7% average annual return. The person who starts saving at age 36 would accumulate about $650,000 at age 66. The person who starts at age 16, by contrast, would have about $2.5 million.

Your grandson’s parents were smart to open a low-cost account, presumably at a discount brokerage. Next to starting early and investing as much as possible, keeping fees low is the best way to maximize how much he ultimately accumulates.

The simplest way to start investing would be to choose a low-cost target date mutual fund. He would choose one with a date closest to his likely retirement age, so one that’s labeled something like “Target Date 2070.” If you want to encourage him to learn more, consider buying him a book about investing, such as “O.M.G.: Official Money Guide for Teenagers” by Susan and Michael Beacham.

Q&A: The case for filing a tax return

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Dear Liz: A couple on Social Security who hadn’t received their stimulus payments wrote that they “do not make enough income to file tax returns.” It might be worthwhile to let your readers know that, even if one’s income is below the amount where they must file a tax return, they nevertheless may file a tax return. I volunteer at a site where we do free tax preparation, and we encourage filing even when not required. It can help identify or potentially prevent identity theft, and it provides documentation of tax status that may be helpful in the future.

Answer: Thanks for that tip. People receiving Social Security weren’t required to file tax returns to receive their stimulus payments of up to $1,200 each, but as you noted there can be other advantages to filing even when it’s not necessary.

Most stimulus payments have been delivered at this point, although a congressional committee estimated 30 million to 35 million had not been sent. If you got a letter saying your payment had been sent, but you haven’t received the money, you can ask the IRS to trace your payment by calling (800) 919-9835.