Ask Liz Weston

Get smart with your money

Q&A

Q&A: Clearing up the deal with Social Security survivor benefits

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Dear Liz: I read your column regarding the wife who filed for her Social Security benefits at 62 and received $1,500, while her husband filed at 70 and was receiving $4,600. You noted that after the husband died she could receive his entire $4,600 payment, but wouldn’t the amount she receives as a survivor’s benefit be reduced due to her early filing?

Answer: That’s not true. An early start reduces retirement and spousal benefits. Survivor benefits operate by different rules.

A survivor benefit can be up to 100% of what the deceased spouse received or had earned. If the husband had filed for his own benefit earlier, for example, that would reduce the survivor benefit the wife could receive. Survivor benefits also can be reduced if the survivor starts receiving them before reaching his or her own full retirement age for such benefits.

But the wife’s early start on her own benefit doesn’t affect the survivor benefit she could get if he dies first.

Q&A: Paying bills with auto payments is scary; should it be?

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Dear Liz: For several reasons you recommend using online services from the bank or credit union to pay bills. I use that method for most of our bills, but not all. Some vendors want us to set up a process where they are able to pull the desired payment directly from our account. Given the regular reports of data breaches at corporations that should know better, I refuse to give them the required permissions. Am I wrong in this?

Answer: The issue is less about potential breaches and more about getting automated payments to stop when you want them to.

Some companies make it easy to sign up for their services and devilishly hard to cancel them. Gym chains are notorious for this. Federal laws protect your right to cancel automatic payments, but you may have to enlist your bank to get the most pernicious companies to stop charging you.

If you have any doubts that your cancellation order would be honored, consider setting up automatic payments using a credit card instead of giving the company direct access to your checking account.

Q&A: Newlyweds wonder if it’s the time to buy a home

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Dear Liz: My husband and I are newlyweds and looking into purchasing a home. However, many homes in our area sell for $50,000 and more over the asking prices, which already are pretty high. We have stable jobs, but our dilemma is whether we should go into the market now or continue to save and wait a year or two.

Answer: The best time to buy a home is when you can afford to do so. It’s hard to time any market, but that’s especially true for real estate. If you put off buying a home hoping for a correction, you could be waiting a long time.

The supply of houses for sale is low in many areas. Often homeowners are reluctant to sell, even if they want to trade up, downsize or move, because they don’t want to give up their low-rate mortgages. A drop in mortgage rates likely will induce more people to put their homes on the market, but also could increase competition as buyers get access to more affordable loans.

Also, many homes for sale in tight markets are deliberately underpriced. Sellers hope to spark a frenzy of offers over asking price. You’d be smart to get clear on how much you can afford to pay — consider consulting a fee-only financial planner — and to enlist the services of a good real estate agent who understands your local market.

Q&A: More credit score drama over a missed payment

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Dear Liz: You responded to a woman who was concerned that a missed payment had hurt her credit score. My situation is also about a missed payment. In fall 2018, I received a dunning letter from a bill collector. I did a ton of research because I never received the bill that ruined my previously stellar credit rating (840). My rating sank by 200 points even after the retailer involved acknowledged that I never received the bills. Their office showed all the bills, although addressed correctly, were returned as undeliverable. The executive with whom I had lots of interaction wrote all the bureaus explaining the error was the retailer’s. The credit bureaus did nothing to restore my credit rating. It has been six years and I continue to pay in full on time as I had for the 45 years before 2018. My payment behavior has done little to improve my low score. Maybe 2025 will bring relief, as that will be seven years since the collection letter.

Answer: Your situation offers the opportunity to clarify a few things that confuse many consumers.

The first and most important: We are responsible for paying our credit card bills whether we receive those bills or not. Mail goes astray, emails wind up in junk folders, but if there’s a balance on our credit cards we’re supposed to pay at least the minimum when the due date rolls around. As mentioned in the previous column, setting up automatic payments can prevent missed payments. At a minimum, you should mark your calendar with your cards’ due dates and submit your payments, preferably electronically, in time to avoid late fees. Having online access to your credit accounts can help you track balances, and you can set up email or text alerts to remind you to pay.

Next, the executive you talked to either didn’t understand the credit reporting system or wasn’t entirely frank with you. The credit bureaus’ files reflect what creditors tell them. It’s a dynamic system, with information constantly being updated. If the retailer agreed that the late payments shouldn’t be reported, then it should have stopped reporting the erroneous information. Instead of corresponding with the bureaus, the executive should have been talking to the retailer’s finance arm.

If the executive provided you with a copy of the letter sent to the bureaus, however, you can use that to correct the record. Dispute the late payments with the bureaus and use the letter to back up your claim.

By now, your scores should have regained most of the ground lost to this unfortunate incident. If that’s not the case, something else is wrong with your credit reports. You should request free copies of your reports from AnnualCreditReport.com and scrutinize them closely. (If you’re asked for a credit card, you’re on the wrong site.)

Q&A: Need help with your IRA? Call a CPA, or maybe a PFS

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Dear Liz: My husband and I have substantial pre-tax savings in our workplace retirement plans and IRAs. Based on where those balances would be in retirement, we would definitely be paying more in taxes than now, and face the potential of running out of money if forced to withdraw it all. You often refer people to the Garrett Planning Network for fiduciary financial planners. Is there a similar organization for tax planners who can provide a strategy for rolling over our pre-tax accounts in order to take part of the hit now, and reduce taxes later? The financial planners we’ve found through Garrett have some tax knowledge, but refer us to tax professionals for more in-depth tax analysis.

Answer: Many fee-only financial planners work with tax professionals such as certified public accountants — CPAs — to craft Roth conversion plans that can reduce future taxes. If you want an all-in-one pro, though, you could consider hiring a CPA who is a personal financial specialist, or PFS. The PFS credential is similar to the certified financial planner credential, but is granted only to CPAs. To find one in your area, you can use the American Institute of CPAs’ directory at https://www.aicpa-cima.com/directories. Click the plus sign next to “Find a credential/designation holder,” select “PFS” in the box titled “Credential/designation name” and then input your location.

Q&A: Safeguarding your personal data is hard. Here are a few tips.

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Dear Liz: I was recently alerted that my Social Security number has been found on the dark web. My information was part of the AT&T breach that took place recently. I am no longer an AT&T customer and haven’t been for several years, but they have not made any contact with me. What do I do to keep myself safe and how do I get my information removed from the dark web? Why hasn’t AT&T reached out to me?

Answer: As a consumer, you don’t have much power. Companies often demand your personal data, such as Social Security numbers, before they’ll do business with you. Once your information is in their databases, you have no control over what happens to it. And if your information is leaked, there’s no way to remove it from the dark web.

You can’t even be sure how your information got there, given the sheer volume of database breaches in recent years. If you’re an adult with a Social Security number, chances are pretty good that number can be found on the black market sites where criminals buy and share information, says Eva Velasquez, chief executive of the Identity Theft Resource Center, a nonprofit that helps identity theft victims.

In other words, your data may have been compromised long before the latest incident, which AT&T says affected 73 million current and former customers. AT&T began notifying impacted customers via letters or email starting in April. Those customers should have received an offer for free credit monitoring.

There are a few things you can do to make yourself a bit less vulnerable to identity theft, such as putting freezes on your credit reports, not clicking on links in texts or emails if you didn’t initiate the transaction and using digital wallets or other secure payment methods.

Also, don’t be your own worst enemy. Beware of sharing personal information (birth dates, address, phone number, etc.) on social media. Consider limiting your audience to people you know and trust, Velasquez says.

The Identity Theft Resource Center also recommends using passkeys, a technology that replaces passwords, whenever you’re offered that option. If a passkey is not available, the center suggests using passphrases of 12 characters or more rather than shorter passwords. A passphrase is a sequence of words that can be personalized for easier memorization, typically with numbers added and a mix of capital and lowercase letters. The center gives an example of a passphrase for a 2015 University of Texas graduate: “H00kEmH0rns2015.” You’ll still need unique passphrases for every account and site. You also should turn on two-factor authentication or multi-factor authentication where available. This requires an extra step, such as getting a code on your phone or from an app, but this will make your accounts harder to compromise.