medicare premiums

Q&A: Maxing out retirement contributions? Beware of future tax issues

May 19, 2025 By Liz Weston Leave a Comment

Dear Liz: I work for a local government and am trying to decide when to retire. I will receive a pension and have put away as much money as I could afford in my 457 deferred compensation plan. I invested it in a Standard & Poor’s 500 index fund that has performed well and is now worth $1.3 million. I also have a non-sheltered brokerage account of seven figures and no debt. Last year, I contributed vacation time and money to maximize my 457 contribution of $46,000. This year (and next unless I retire), I am likewise maximizing my contribution and contributing $46,000 each year. But periodically our monthly expenditures have exceeded my monthly income after the contribution and I have had to dip into the brokerage account to make up the difference. Does that make financial sense to do if needed or should I consider scaling back my contribution?

Answer: When you’re behind on saving for retirement, maximizing your contributions to tax-deferred plans in your final working years can be a smart move.

You, however, have a large amount of savings as well as a pension, so you may face a different problem: higher future taxes. Diligent savers can find themselves pushed into a higher tax bracket when required minimum distributions (RMDs) kick in. RMDs used to begin at age 70-½, but now start at age 73 for those born between 1951 through 1959 and will rise to 75 for those born in 1960 and later.

Many people with large tax-deferred retirement accounts can reduce their lifetime tax bills by converting at least some of the funds to a Roth IRA. Conversions are taxable, but Roths don’t have required minimum distributions and future withdrawals from Roths can be tax free. Conversions can affect other aspects of your retirement, such as Medicare premiums, so you’ll want sound tax advice before moving forward. You also may want to consult a fee-only financial planner who can review your overall financial situation and help you shape your retirement income plan.

Q&A: How capital gains boost Medicare premiums

March 18, 2024 By Liz Weston

Dear Liz: We are retired and living mainly on a pension, which covers our month-to-month needs. We own our house outright and are considering downsizing. When we do that, will the capital gain cause our Medicare premiums to go up two years later? If so, will it automatically go down again after one year?

Answer: A big-enough capital gain can trigger Medicare’s income-related adjustment amount, which are surcharges on your Part B and Part D premiums. As you note, there’s a two-year delay between the higher income on your tax returns and higher premiums.

If you’ve had a life-changing event — marriage, divorce, a spouse’s death or loss of income, for example — you can appeal the increase by filing form SSA-44. Otherwise, consider saving some of the home sale profits to cover your higher premiums for that one-year period.

Q&A: Should you keep paying Medicare premiums if you’re moving abroad?

July 5, 2022 By Liz Weston

Dear Liz: We are thinking of retiring to Paris. What would be the repercussions if we stop paying Medicare premiums? We’re concerned about the possibility of returning to the U.S. at some future date and the costs of reinstating it. Do we just pay back the past due payments plus a penalty?

Answer: You wouldn’t make up the missed payments, but you would owe a penalty that would permanently increase your premiums for Medicare Part B, which covers doctor’s visits, and Part D, which covers prescriptions. The penalty for Part B is 10% for every 12 months you were eligible but not enrolled. The penalty for Part D is determined by multiplying 1% of the “national base beneficiary premium” ($33.37 in 2022) by the number of months that you were eligible but didn’t enroll.

Many retirees who plan to eventually move back to the U.S. or make frequent visits opt to keep up their Medicare coverage. Consider discussing your options with a fee-only financial advisor — preferably one who has experience advising would-be expatriates. Another option when you have Medicare questions is to contact your State Health Insurance Assistance Program, which can provide free counseling.

Q&A: IRMAA is not your friend

February 17, 2020 By Liz Weston

Dear Liz: My wife and I retired in 2019 and ran into IRMAA — Medicare’s income-related monthly adjustment amount, which increased our monthly premiums. I thought I’d done such a good job budgeting for retirement but missed this. A lot of couples have their best income years at the end of their career and then get blindsided by the cost of Medicare and the adjustment based on their previous income. I will say that the folks at the local Social Security office were very helpful, and they supplied us with forms for an exception based on our new income.

Answer: IRMAA can boost premiums substantially for singles with yearly income above $87,000 and married couples with incomes above $174,000. The increases for Medicare Part B, which covers doctor’s visits, range from $57.80 to $347 a person per month. The surcharges for Part D, which pays for prescription drugs, start at $12.20 and top out at $76.40 a person per month.

The adjustments are based on your income two years prior (so 2018 income determines 2020 premiums). You can appeal the increase if you’ve experienced a life-changing event. Retirement with a subsequent drop in income can be one such event. So can other work stoppages or reductions, marriage or divorce, the death of a spouse, loss of income-producing property or loss of pension income.

Even without IRMAA, healthcare costs can catch many newly retired people by surprise, especially if they previously had generous employer-subsidized coverage. Medicare doesn’t cover everything; it has deductibles and co-pays in addition to premiums, and excludes most vision, hearing and dental expenses.

How much you pay out of pocket depends on your health, where you live and what supplemental coverage you buy. A study by Vanguard and Mercer Health and Benefits estimated that a typical 65-year-old woman in 2018 could expect to pay $5,200, but her costs could range from $3,000 to $26,200. (The researchers say a 65-year-old man’s costs are typically about 3% lower.)

Monday’s need-to-know money news

January 14, 2019 By Liz Weston

Today’s top story: What the government shutdown means for home loans. Also in the news: How to stay afloat financially during the shutdown, how Medicare premiums could be the key to itemizing your taxes, and how to start investing right now.

What the Government Shutdown Means for Home Loans
Prepare for delays.

How to Stay Afloat Financially in a Federal Shutdown
Get ready to spend some time on the phone.

How Medicare premiums could be the key to itemizing your taxes — and saving money
Your premiums could be deductable.

How (and Why) to Start Investing Right Now
The sooner the better.

Tuesday’s need-to-know money news

October 20, 2015 By Liz Weston

Today’s top story: Getting your credit ready for holiday shopping. Also in the news: Keeping your Social Security plan on track despite higher Medicare premiums, 3 points to add to your year-end financial checklist, and shopping tricks to make your budget last longer.