Liz Weston

Dear Liz: I am pondering the best time to begin drawing Social Security. I have no debt, am 61, retired and fortunate enough to have retirement funds that are projected to last until I’m 95 without Social Security. That said, when I begin drawing Social Security, I understand I am likely to get taxed at the full 85% rate based upon the monthly income I receive. Does it make sense to hold off on applying until 67 or later knowing that I’ll be taxed more on the higher income, or should I draw sooner, understanding the tax liability would be less? Or, when I begin receiving Social Security, would I cut back on the amount of retirement funds I receive monthly?

Answer: The way Social Security benefits are taxed is somewhat convoluted and easy to misunderstand. Just to be clear: You would never lose 85% of your Social Security benefit to taxes. But if you have income outside of Social Security, up to 85% of your benefit can be taxable at your regular income tax rates.

The taxes are based on what’s known as your “combined income,” which is your adjusted gross income plus any nontaxable interest plus half of your Social Security benefits. If you’re single and your combined income is between $25,000 and $34,000, up to 50% of your benefits may be taxable. If your combined income exceeds $34,000, you may owe tax on up to 85% of your benefits.

If you’re married filing jointly, combined income between $32,000 and $44,000 could trigger taxes on up to 50% of your benefit. If your combined income is more than $44,000, up to 85% of your benefit may be taxable.

Because of this unusual structure, people can face what’s known as a tax torpedo, which is a sharp rise and then fall in their marginal tax rates. If your income is high enough, you won’t be able to avoid the tax torpedo.

However, many middle-income people can mitigate its effects by delaying Social Security and drawing down their retirement funds instead. You can get some understanding of how this works by searching on the phrase “tax torpedo.”

For a more in-depth analysis, search for the research paper by William Reichenstein and William Meyer titled “Understanding the Tax Torpedo and Its Implications for Various Retirees.”

Consider discussing your situation with a fee-only financial planner who can model different scenarios and give you personalized advice.