Q&A

Q&A: What you can expect from a fiduciary advisor

March 30, 2026 By Liz Weston Leave a Comment

Dear Liz: This is concerning the couple in their 70s who were persuaded to move their nearly $2-million retirement portfolio to a different broker, resulting in a capital gain of $184,000 and a capital gain tax bill for $50,000.

The question I wonder is whether the $184,000 capital gain also kicked them into a higher Medicare premium bracket (which you frequently warn your readers about) or whether they were already in the higher bracket for other reasons (i.e. the amount of their annual required minimum distribution, plus the size of their Social Security or pension benefits).

The problem with their new broker is that this couple seem surprised to learn they would have a capital gain and a sizable capital gain tax bill by transferring their portfolio from their existing broker to the new broker. Shouldn’t the new broker, with its “fiduciary” duty, have warned them that they would incur a huge capital gain and a sizable capital gain tax bill and also checked to see what the influence of the capital gain would be on this couple’s Medicare premium (if any)?

Answer: The couple did not say they were surprised by the tax bill. They said their accountant was not pleased, which apparently caused them to question their decision.

Let’s define some terms. “Broker” in this context typically refers to a stockbroker. Stockbrokers normally aren’t fiduciaries, meaning they’re not required to put their clients’ best interests first. Instead, stockbrokers are usually held to a lower “suitability” standard, which means they can recommend investments that aren’t the best option for their clients as long as those investments aren’t actually unsuitable.

Registered investment advisors, on the other hand, are fiduciaries. This couple’s new RIA should have explained why the investment sales were necessary and detailed the costs, including the tax bill and any affect on Medicare premiums. The RIA should have explored other options as well, such as leaving the portfolio alone or extending the investment sales over multiple years. The RIA would have recommended a course of action, but would execute whatever plan the couple ultimately chose.

Q&A: Should we be investing so heavily in stocks after retirement?

March 30, 2026 By Liz Weston Leave a Comment

Dear Liz: My wife and I are blessed to have a very significant income from real estate holdings that will provide us with almost enough money to live on very well for the rest of our lives. That leaves retirement accounts and Social Security as mostly discretionary or extra income.

Currently, we have 90% of our retirement accounts and Roth accounts in stock. I figured that, given our situation, we can afford the risk. We have the other 10% in an annuity. Just curious to know what you think of our aggressive position. Is it foolish, and should we be more conservative, such as having a portion in bonds?

Answer: Another question to ask is, “If I don’t need to take this risk, why should I?”

Most people need the growth that stocks offer to achieve their long-term goals, such as a comfortable retirement. Even in retirement, people typically need at least some exposure to stocks to offset inflation. To get that growth, investors must endure the inevitable downturns when markets slide. But why take on more risk than you need?

Also consider that real estate income isn’t typically guaranteed. While real estate and stocks aren’t closely correlated in the long run, both can be affected by economic crises. It might be painful to see your main source of income drop along with your stock portfolio.

A balanced portfolio likely would offer more modest returns but sounder sleep the next time the stock market swoons. This would be a great topic to discuss with a fee-only, fiduciary financial planner.

Q&A: Can a QCD be made to a donor advised fund?

March 23, 2026 By Liz Weston Leave a Comment

Dear Liz: I read your column about qualified charitable distributions, where you can send a required minimum distribution to a charity so the RMD won’t be taxed. I have a donor-advised fund and would like to know if I can put my RMD into that, rather than send it directly to a charity. The funds in my donor-advised fund eventually get distributed to charities.

Answer: Sorry, but qualified charitable distributions can’t be made to a donor-advised fund. The RMD must go directly from your IRA to a qualifying charity to avoid taxation.

To recap, QCDs are available to people 70½ who can contribute IRA funds to charity (up to $111,000 in 2026). The distribution is not included in the donor’s taxable income and can count toward any required minimum distributions.

Q&A: Why you should file a tax return, even if you don’t have to

March 23, 2026 By Liz Weston Leave a Comment

Dear Liz: Here is some further consideration in the discussion about older people not filing tax returns. I am old, live in Maine, have a low income but high housing costs. In 2024 I had zero dollars withheld to the state, yet received a $2,210 credit from the state. There was $2,000 for a “Property Tax Fairness Credit” that is available to those who pay high rent or high property tax. The other $210 was a “Sales Tax Fairness Credit.” You don’t have to be old to qualify for these credits. The relief that these credits provide is well worth the effort of filing tax returns.

Answer: People 65 and older typically don’t have to file federal tax returns if their incomes are under certain limits ($17,750 for singles and $34,700 for married filing jointly in 2025). But there are a number of reasons to file tax returns even when they’re not strictly required, including claiming tax credits, getting back income tax withheld from paychecks or retirement accounts, and getting access to any future government stimulus payments that might be offered.

Q&A: Should I delay my pension payments as long as possible?

March 23, 2026 By Liz Weston Leave a Comment

Dear Liz: I work for a local government and my job offers a pension as well as a 457 deferred compensation plan. If I delay starting my pension, will it have the same 8% growth that Social Security offers? Is my 457(b) plan much better than 401(k)?

Answer: Government pensions and Social Security both offer guaranteed income for life, but use different formulas for determining benefits.

Social Security is generally based on the worker’s 35 highest-earning years. Recipients can earn an 8% annual boost in their retirement benefit for each year they delay starting after their full retirement age, until benefits max out at age 70.

Pensions, meanwhile, are typically based on a combination of age, final salary and years of service. Delaying retirement typically does increase your benefit, but how much depends on the details of your plan. Many plans offer tools for estimating your future benefits, or you can contact your human resources department.

Your 457(b) plan has much in common with a 401(k). Both allow workers to contribute pretax money through payroll deductions up to certain limits ($24,500 in 2026, with an additional $8,000 catch-up contribution for those 50 and older, plus an additional $11,250 for those 60 to 63). The amount you ultimately get in retirement isn’t guaranteed but depends on how much you contribute and how the investments you choose perform over time.

A major difference between the two types of plans: 401(k)s typically offer some kind of matching funds, while 457(b)s often do not. On the other hand, early withdrawals from a 401(k) are usually penalized, while you can generally withdraw money from a 457(b) penalty-free after you leave your job.